What characteristic of certain plants describes their ability to suppress surrounding species?

The ability of certain plants to suppress surrounding species is referred to as allelopathy. This ecological phenomenon occurs when plants release chemical substances, often through their roots, leaves, or decaying material, that inhibit the growth or germination of nearby plants. These chemicals can affect various physiological processes in other plants, thereby reducing competition for resources such as nutrients, water, and light.

Allelopathy serves as a survival strategy for some species, allowing them to establish dominance in a specific area by limiting the growth of potential competitors. This characteristic is particularly important in competitive environments where resources are scarce. By employing allelopathic strategies, these plants can enhance their own growth and survival.

In contrast, photosynthesis is a process through which plants convert sunlight into energy, which does not directly relate to their ability to suppress other plants. Symbiosis refers to mutually beneficial relationships between different species, which contrasts with the competitive nature of allelopathy. Succession describes the gradual process of ecosystem change and development over time and does not specifically involve the interaction of plant species through chemical means.