What characterizes acute toxicity compared to chronic toxicity?

Acute toxicity is characterized by immediate adverse effects that appear shortly after exposure to a toxic substance. This type of toxicity typically results from a single exposure or a series of short-term exposures. The effects can be severe and manifest quickly, often requiring prompt medical attention.

In contrast, chronic toxicity arises from long-term exposure to a toxin, leading to cumulative effects that may develop slowly over time. These effects can be less obvious initially but might cause significant health issues if exposure continues.

The distinction between acute and chronic toxicity is crucial for understanding how substances impact health, guiding safety practices, and informing regulatory measures. This understanding also helps in determining the nature and urgency of the response needed in situations of exposure to hazardous materials.