What concept involves understanding and vicariously experiencing the feelings and thoughts of others?

The concept that involves understanding and vicariously experiencing the feelings and thoughts of others is empathy. Empathy goes beyond simply recognizing another person's emotions; it encompasses a deeper connection where one feels and understands what another individual is going through on an emotional level. This includes the ability to put oneself in someone else's shoes, which is essential in fostering strong interpersonal relationships and effective communication.

In contrast, compassion refers to a feeling of deep sympathy and concern for someone who is suffering, often accompanied by a desire to help. Sympathy involves sharing feelings of sorrow for someone else's misfortune, but it does not require the same level of emotional engagement or understanding as empathy. Altruism is the selfless concern for the well-being of others, which can motivate acts of kindness, but it does not specifically involve an emotional or cognitive understanding of others' experiences.

Thus, empathy stands out as the most fitting concept for the definition provided, as it directly relates to the nuanced emotional connection between individuals.