What does spark-over refer to in electrical terminology?

Spark-over refers to the luminous discharge of electricity that occurs between two conductive objects when the electrical potential between them exceeds the breakdown voltage of the intervening medium, typically air. This phenomenon reveals how electrical energy can jump or arc between conductors, creating a visible spark. Such discharges are often associated with high-voltage systems where the breakdown of the surrounding medium allows current to flow despite the gap between the conductive objects.

Understanding spark-over is essential in the context of designing and maintaining electrical systems, as it indicates the potential for short circuits, electrical hazards, or equipment failure if not properly managed. It is particularly relevant in high-voltage applications where safety measures must be implemented to prevent unintentional spark-over events that could lead to catastrophic failures or fires.