What does the Saffir-Simpson Scale measure?

The Saffir-Simpson Scale is specifically designed to measure hurricane intensity based on wind speed and potential damage associated with different categories of hurricanes. The scale classifies hurricanes into five categories, with each category indicating a range of sustained wind speeds and the possible impacts they may cause to structures and the environment.

The classification starts from Category 1, which features minimal damage and wind speeds of 74-95 mph, up to Category 5, which signifies catastrophic damage with wind speeds exceeding 157 mph. This focus on both wind speed and expected damage is essential for emergency preparedness, providing vital information to authorities and the public about the potential risks posed by an approaching hurricane.

The other options do not align with the purpose of the Saffir-Simpson Scale. For example, while one might consider wind speed independently, the scale incorporates it as part of a broader assessment including expected damage, making it more comprehensive than just measuring wind speed. Furthermore, it does not categorize types of storms beyond hurricanes or address aspects like rainfall levels, which are important in hurricane impacts but are not the focus of this particular scale.