What does the term 'defects' refer to in tree health?

The term 'defects' in tree health primarily refers to conditions that reduce a tree's structural strength. This can include a variety of issues such as cracks, cavities, decay, and damage from pests or environmental stressors. Such defects compromise the integrity of the tree, making it more susceptible to breakage or failure, particularly in adverse weather conditions. A strong structural foundation is essential for a tree's ability to withstand various environmental challenges, so recognizing and understanding these defects is critical in tree care and management.

Other options, while related to tree health, do not accurately define 'defects'. For instance, physical characteristics that enhance aesthetics do not align with the concept of defects, as these are typically viewed as positive attributes. Fungal growth that promotes tree health would be seen as beneficial rather than a defect. Lastly, nutritional deficiencies, while they can impact a tree's overall health, are different from the structural issues categorized as defects.