What is the primary function of the Global Positioning System (GPS)?

The primary function of the Global Positioning System (GPS) is indeed as a satellite-based application for navigation and data gathering. GPS utilizes a constellation of satellites that transmit signals to receivers on Earth, allowing those receivers to determine their precise location, speed, and time. This capability is essential for various applications, including mapping, navigation, and timing services across many sectors, such as transportation, aviation, and outdoor activities.

The versatility of GPS extends beyond simple navigation; it also plays a crucial role in data gathering for scientific research, agriculture, and emergency response. This comprehensive functionality underscores why option B is the most accurate representation of GPS's primary role. Other choices are limited in scope or focus on specific applications rather than the broader capabilities of GPS technology.