What role does a transformer play in a substation?

The primary function of a transformer in a substation is to increase or decrease voltage levels for the distribution of electrical energy. This is crucial in electrical systems because different parts of the electric grid operate at different voltage levels. For instance, electrical energy is often generated at a relatively low voltage and must be increased to a higher voltage for efficient long-distance transmission. This reduction in energy loss during transmission is achieved by stepping up the voltage. Conversely, before the electricity is delivered to homes and businesses, the voltage must be reduced to a safe, usable level; this process is done by stepping down the voltage.

Transformers are essential components in managing these voltage transformations while ensuring efficient power distribution and maintaining system stability. Their ability to adjust voltage levels makes them indispensable for the reliable operation of electrical systems in substations.